System including an electromagnetically energized piston motor designed to convert chemical and electrical energy to mechanical energy

ABSTRACT

An energy conversion and free hydrogen producing system including a electromagnetically energized reciprocating piston motor, a plurality of lead acid flow through batteries, each consisting of a plurality of individual flow through lead acid cells, and a hydrogen burning internal combustion engine. With concentrated sulfuric acid as the primary fluid, the electromagnetically energized reciprocation piston motor, and the hydrogen burning internal combustion engine provide a rotational torque output.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a system and method for the efficientconversation of chemical and electrical energy to mechanical energy.More particularly, electrical and chemical energy are interchanged andused to efficiently produce rotating mechanical energy such asrotational torque that could be used for propelling a motor vehicle, orpowering a pumping station or other energy dependent installations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present concern with preserving natural resources, and reducingenvironmental pollution, especially air pollution, has driven a demandfor more efficient and less polluting systems and methods for providingmechanical energy, particularly rotating mechanical energy to propelmotor vehicles. Such less polluting systems and methods will reduce theuse of carbon based fuels, thereby preserving natural resources andreducing air pollution.

The storage and use of electrical energy has often been proposed andused as a less polluting system for propulsion of motor vehicles.However, practical battery size and weight has limited the travel of avehicle between recharges of the battery. So called hybrid vehicles havebeen developed to address the travel limitation of battery poweredvehicles. Internal combustion engines burning hydrogen have beenproposed as a more efficient and less polluting system and method. Asset forth in the publication by the Argonne National Laboratory:TranForm Vol. 6, No. 1, Argonne Engineers see in to the future ofhydrogen internal combustion engines, Sep. 9, 2006. However, the riskspresented by the storage of compressed hydrogen in a vehicle has been aserious drawback to implementing its use. That risk is increased as agreater quantity of hydrogen is carried on the vehicle so as to permitmore extensive travel without the need for refueling. The process ofrefueling is also fraught with more danger than the current refuelingwith gasoline or diesel fuel.

Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an energy conversionsystem and method for providing vehicle propulsion which combines theadvantages of an electromagnetically energized reciprocating motor thatcan be instantly refueled as opposed to a system that would require acharging period such as in an electric or hybrid vehicle therebyrequiring extended down time or battery exchange.

Accordingly, it would also be desirable to provide an energy conversionsystem and method for providing vehicle propulsion, which combines theadvantages of electromagnetically energized reciprocating motor ahydrogen powered internal combustion engine, batteries for the storageand delivery of energy, sulfuric acid as a fuel supplied to thebatteries, and hydrogen as a fuel for the internal combustion engine,while providing for greatly reduced air pollution. Further, it would bedesirable that the consumable materials, which must be carried on boardthe vehicle to produce the kinetic energy to drive the vehicle bereadily stored in a safe manner and in sufficient quantity to provide adesired range of operation of the vehicle. As set forth in thepreviously mentioned article, Argonne Engineers see in to the future ofhydrogen internal combustion engines, a hydrogen fuel engine will beclose to 45% efficient as compared to the 25% efficiency of standardautomobile engines.

It would also be desirable to provide lubrication, cooling and a fuelsource to an electromagnetically energized reciprocating motor that hasdemonstrated weight advantages over a conventional electric motor. Thehorsepower to weight ratio of conventional electric motors requires thatthe weight of the motor increases as the horsepower increases to agreater extent than with a electromagnetically energized reciprocatingmotor. It would also be desirable to extend the available useful outputof a battery by providing a method of recharging the battery during use.The efficiency of a conventional electric motor decreases as a load isplaced on it compared to an electromagnetically energized reciprocatingmotor that creates more electrolysis of the electrolyte cooling themotor as a load is placed on it.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with this invention a system and method for convertingelectrical and chemical energy to kinetic energy is provided which isenergy efficient and contributes very little pollution to theatmosphere. Further, the materials consumed to produce the kineticenergy are readily stored on board a vehicle in sufficient quantity toprovide a desired range of operation of the vehicle, and withoutsignificant danger to the vehicle occupants should the vehicle bedamaged in an accident.

The system and method of this invention includes a relativelymaintenance free long life electromagnetically energized reciprocatingpiston motor that is energy efficient, enhances lead acid flow batteryperformance and produces hydrogen and oxygen gases which are recoveredto provide as a fuel to a hydrogen burning internal combustion engine.The system exhibits extended shelf life and is not as adversely affectedby extreme temperature changes, as are certain hydrogen burningvehicles. Nor, is it adversely affected by changes in barometricpressures.

The system has very low maintenance requirements wherein it utilizesreadily interchangeable components which include the electromagneticreciprocating piston motor, a plurality of lead acid flow batteries, acooling system, a small hydrogen burning internal combustion engine, analternator and rectifier combination or a dc generator, storage tanksfor battery electrolyte, concentrated sulfuric acid, water, and acontrol system.

The electromagnetically energized reciprocating piston motor, which is afirst principal component of the system of this invention, includes aplurality of reciprocating pistons, formed of magnetic material such aspig iron, connected by connecting rods to a crankshaft. The crankshaftis located in a block assembly. Electromagnetic fields, developed byelectrical current passing through a pair of spaced coils surroundingeach piston, are utilized to cause reciprocation of the piston which isformed of a magnetic material. The coils are energized by electricalcurrent provided by a plurality of lead acid flow batteries. Thebatteries are provided a constant charge by electrical current from analternator or dc generator. The pistons reciprocate in non-magneticsleeves or cylinders. In a preferred embodiment, the energization of thecoils is controlled by proximity switches actuated by rotation of thecrankshaft of the engine. However, any number of firing mechanisms maybe used, such as microwave actuated switching mechanisms. The proximityswitches are located adjacent to various portions of the crankshaft suchthat the coils at opposite ends of the piston housings are energized andde-energized in the proper sequence to cause the pistons to reciprocateand thereby cause rotation of the crankshaft. While the rotation of thecrankshaft by the pistons is on a similar basis to that in an internalcombustion engine, it differs in that the movement of the pistons ineach direction is a power stroke rather than every other as in a twocycle engine or every fourth cycle in a four cycle engine. While in apreferred embodiment six pistons are connected to the crankshaft, anynumber of pistons could be used in accordance with this invention.

In accordance with this invention, a V-shaped block of plastic or othersimilar material is provided to house the cylinders, crankshaft, andelectrolysis cells. The housing may provided for various even numbers ofcylinders and electrolysis cells depending on the output required fromthe system. The V-shaped block could also be made of aluminum or asimilar light weight material to provide greater structural support forhigher torque outputs from the system.

An internal reservoir is formed within the inner recess of the V-shapedblock to contain the electrolyte and to provide for the flow of theelectrolyte to the electrolysis cells to the electrolyte jacketssurrounding the main piston assemblies. In this preferred embodiment analuminum carrier is provided to mount the crankshaft assembly andprovide for the attachment of the system to a structure, such as avehicle. A small internal combustion engine is mounted within theuppermost area of the V-shaped block, providing for the crankshaft ofthe internal combustion engine to be in line with, and directly abovethe crankshaft of the reciprocating piston engine. A main manifold maybe formed in the V-shaped block to deliver hydrogen gas H² from theupper ends of the closed chambers surrounding the pistons to theinternal combustion engine. The V-shaped block may also provide anexternal space between the outside leading edge of the internalcombustion engine and the adjacent area of the V-shaped block. The spacein the V-shaped block between the electrolyte jackets and the outer wallfacing the center of the V-shaped block provides for a relief point andcontainment in the event of a rupture of a electrolyte jacket.

Each piston, which is preferably made of ASTM 60 cold rolled steel,reciprocates in a non-magnetic sleeve or inner tube. Coils of wire arewrapped around the inner tube, which may be formed of plastic or othernon-magnetic material. The coils are positioned along the inner tube,without a major separation space, such that when one end and a majorportion of a piston is essentially located within one end of the coils,a small portion of the other end of the piston is located within theother coil. The coils are encapsulated, such as by an electricalinsulating material, to prevent deterioration from contact with theelectrolyte, and to prevent electrical shorts within the coil or betweenthe coils and other conductive components. An outer tube is also formedof a non-magnetic material and insulating material surrounds the coilsand inner tube.

A main manifold may be provided for supplying hydrogen gas H², oxygenand residual materials such as lead and sulfur carried with the gases tothe internal combustion engine. The main manifold is provided adjacentthe outer upper surface of the V-shaped block, located over the top ofthe jacket assembly and the electrolysis cell assembly, and is connectedto the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. In thisembodiment of the invention, the hydrogen gas H², oxygen and residualmaterials are delivered directly to the intake manifold of the internalcombustion engine. However, delivery could also be to the carburetor,air intake, or directly to the intake valve.

Flow paths for the battery electrolyte includes the reciprocating pistonmotor which includes a reservoir, a mixing chamber, the lead acid flowbatteries and the cooling radiator. The sleeves in which the pistonsreciprocate are surrounded by an electrolyte jacket. The batteryelectrolyte flowing through the jacket is subjected to the changingelectromagnetic fields produced by electrical current flow in the coilsand to direct current passing through the electrolyte from the coils tolead plates surrounding and spaced from the coils in the jacket. Thechanging electromagnetic fields promote electrolysis of the electrolyteand the release of hydrogen gas therefrom. Efficiency is realizedthrough the use of magnetic pick up coils centered between the spacedcoils which cancel the residual magnetic field which occurs when a coilis de-energized, and converts the electro-mechanical energy of thecollapsing magnetic field into direct current through the use of arectifier system, which is applies between spaced metal plates locatedin the jacket to produce additional electrolysis of the electrolyte inthe jacket. The changing electromagnetic fields promote electrolysis ofthe electrolyte and the release of hydrogen through the use of themagnetic pick up coils.

Additional electrolysis of the electrolyte is realized with theplacement of electrolysis cells located in the block assembly which areprovided with direct current recovered at the crank shaft of thereciprocating motor. Energization of the spaced coils createelectromagnetic fields radiating outward from the coils. With thereciprocal movement of the of the piston assemblies, which arepreferably formed of pig iron, the changing magnetic fields or fluxinduces a voltage in the piston assemblies which is picked up at thecrankshaft of the motor. With the spaced coil being energized by a 36volt supply, the induced negative voltage with respect to ground pickedup at the crankshaft is approximately 144 volts. This voltage is appliedto a rectifier to supply a direct current to electrolysis cells locatedin the reservoir in the block assembly. Hydrogen gas H² released fromthe electrolyte in the reservoir in the block assembly is provided asfuel to the hydrogen burning internal combustion engine.

Components of the electromagnetically energized reciprocating motor willnow be described in further detail. The pistons and the structuressurrounding the pistons are the elements most unique to theelectromagnetically energized reciprocating motor of this invention.Each piston, which is made of pig iron, reciprocates in a non-magneticsleeve or inner tube forming a piston chamber. Spaced apart coils ofwire are wrapped around the inner tube, which may be made of plastic orother non-magnetic material. The coils are spaced apart from each other,with one near each end of the inner tube, such that when one of theelongate pistons is essentially located within one of the coils, a smallportion of the other end of the piston is located within the coil at theother end of the inner tube. The coils are insulated, such as by beingencapsulated in an electrical insulating material. An outer wall ortube, also formed of a non-magnetic and insulating material surroundsthe coils and inner tube to form the electrolyte jacket surrounding thepiston chamber. Space is provided between the outer tube and the coils,to permit electrolyte to flow between the inner tube and the outer tubeand around the coils in the electrolyte jacket. Closures are providedbetween the inner and outer tubes at both ends of the tubes. Connectionsare provided in the outer tube, near each end of the tube to provide forthe flow of electrolyte into and out of the electrolyte jacket or spacebetween the inner and outer tubes.

In a preferred embodiment of this invention four magnetic pick up coilsare located in the electrolyte jacket, centered between the spaced apartcoils and having stainless steel plates connected through a rectifierarray to increase the release of hydrogen gas H². The energy recoveredby the magnetic pick up coils further increases the production ofhydrogen gas H² through the electrolysis process.

Two spaced apart lead plates are also installed in the electrolytejacket adjacent the inner wall of the outer tube. Current is applied toone terminal of each of the coils through a conductor from the negativeterminal of the battery. The other terminal of each coil is connected toa first lead plate located adjacent the inner surface of the outer wallof the electrolyte jacket. The first lead plate extends over less thanone half of the circumference of the jacket. A second lead plate coversless than the other one half of the circumference of the jacket suchthat the edges of the plates are spaced apart by at least and one andone half inches. The second lead plate is connected by a conductor tothe positive terminal of the battery. Thus, the current passing throughthe coils must pass through the electrolyte from the first lead plate tothe second lead plate to complete the circuit through the coils to thebattery terminals. The current passing through the electrolyte promoteselectrolysis of the electrolyte and the generation of hydrogen gas H².As a potential is applied between the lead plates, the electrolyte atfirst presents a significant resistance to current flow. However, afterthe current flow is established, the electrolyte presents a very lowresistance to current flow between the lead plates. By increasing thedistance between the edges of the plates, more electrolyte is subjectedto current flow, and therefore the electrolysis of the electrolyte isincreased. The lead plates can be modified, both in thickness, and byincreasing or decreasing the surface area to expose more or less ofelectrolyte in the electrolyte jacket to the potential differencebetween the plates to manage long term durability of the plates.

Concentrated sulfuric acid is the primary consumable fuel of the energyconversion system and method of this invention. The concentratedsulfuric acid is stored in a tank which is designed to withstandaccidental damage, such as in a vehicle accident, without spilling ofthe acid. The acid holding tank provides for the introduction of theacid, such as sulfuric acid into the lead acid flow batteries usingmetering valves regulated by an ohm (resistance) reading of theelectrolyte in each battery, so as to maintain the electrolyte specificgravity.

A small hydrogen burning internal combustion engine is provided toconsume the by-product gasses created during the electrolysis processand adds to the overall torque output of the system. Exhaust gas fromthe hydrogen burning internal combustion engine is recirculated into theintake manifold to increase the temperature of the gas mixture. Thecombustion engine is provided to drive a dc generator which supplies adirect current trickle charge to the batteries, which in turn supply thedirect current used to energize the coils and create the electromagneticfields which cause reciprocation of the pistons of theelectromagnetically energized reciprocating motor. In a preferredembodiment, the direct current is supplied to the coils throughproximity switches actuated by lobes on the crankshaft of theelectromagnetically actuated reciprocating piston engine. A directcurrent starter motor is provided to start the rotation of thecrankshaft of the electromagnetically energized reciprocating motor.

Since both the electrolyte circulating in the system of this inventionand the rectifier arrangement require cooling, a cooling system, such asa radiator is provided in the flow path of the electrolyte. A fan drivenby the reciprocating piston motor is provided to cause the flow ofcooling air through the radiator and over the rectifier arrangement. Apump is provided to cause the circulation of the electrolyte through theelectrolyte jackets of the cylinders, lead acid flow batteries and theradiator.

The system of this method also includes control circuits, and controlinput devices provided on a control panel, by which the operation of thesystem is controlled. The control panel is provided with input devicesto start and control the operation of the system. A first input deviceis used to energize the starter motor to cause rotation of thecrankshaft of the reciprocating piston motor. With the crankshaft of thereciprocating piston motor rotating, another input device can beactuated to cause direct current to be supplied to the coils of thereciprocating piston motor through the proximity switches. A furtherinput device is provided to control the rotational speed of thereciprocating piston motor.

Still another input device is used to control the supply hydrogen gasH², water vapor and byproducts carried with the water vapor to theinternal combustion engine, once the reciprocating engine has reachedoperating temperature and the release of hydrogen gas H² from the systemis sufficient to supply the internal combustion motor. Another device isthen used to energize a clutch locking the internal combustion enginedrive shaft to the reciprocating motor crankshaft.

The hydrogen burning internal combustion engine is started once thereciprocating piston motor reaches operation temperature and a supply ofhydrogen gas H², Oxygen, and water vapor is available. An dc generatoris driven by the internal combustion engine. The dc generator output issupplied as a trickle charge to the batteries which supplies directcurrent to the pair of coils located at opposite ends of each of thepiston chambers. The internal combustion engine also drives a pump whichcauses circulation of the electrolyte through the system. An electroniccontrol system is provided to sequentially energize the coils located atthe opposite ends of the piston chambers. In one embodiment of thisinvention, six pistons are provided. The pistons are connected to acrankshaft, with the coils being energized in sequence to causecontinuous rotation of the crankshaft. The energization of the coilscauses the electrolyte in the electrolyte jackets surrounding thepistons to be exposed to current flow and changing electromagneticfields, which encourages electrolysis of the electrolyte and the releaseof hydrogen gas H², water vapor and other byproducts carried therewith.The sound waves that are generated from the firing of the cylinders andthe tuned plates cause the electrolyte to vibrate, encouraging therelease hydrogen gas H² from the water. The electrolysis of theelectrolyte and the release of hydrogen gas H² from the electrolytejackets surrounding the pistons is further enhanced by the flow ofcurrent through the electrolyte from the coils to the pair of electrodeor lead plates positioned in the electrolyte jacket surrounding thepiston. The current passing through the electrolyte from the primary tothe secondary lead plates acts to condition the electrolyte, creating anelectromagnetic force.

While the pistons may have a smooth cylindrical outer surface, parallelgrooves may be provided along the length of the piston to decease theoutermost surface area and thus concentrate the lines of flux emanatingfrom the coils. The torque ratio is increased, thereby providing for useat lower RPMs. Further, with the grooves, the cylinder length can bedecreased from that of a smooth cylindrical outer surface, without areduction in torque.

Continued rotation of the reciprocating piston engine caused byenergizing the coils will cause the circulating electrolyte to rise intemperature and to begin generating hydrogen gas H², oxygen andelectrolyte vapor which are released from the treated electrolyte andrise to the top of the electrolyte jackets. Continued application ofvoltage to the electrolysis cells will cause the circulating electrolyteto release hydrogen gas H², oxygen and electrolyte vapor which will riseto the main manifold. The heating of the treated electrolyte enhancesthe release of hydrogen gas H² and oxygen. The electrolyte temperaturecontinues to rise as the reciprocating piston engine continues tooperate, until it reaches the desired optimum temperature of 195 degreesF. for releasing the desired electrolyte vapor and providing for thesplitting of the water molecule into hydrogen gas H² and oxygen. Theoptimum temperature is maintained by the cooling of the circulatingelectrolyte in the radiator. In one embodiment, when the circulationelectrolyte reaches 195 degrees F., the small internal combustion engineis supplied with the hydrogen gas H₂ that is made.

Rotation of the utility motor caused by energization of the coils willcause the circulating electrolyte to raise in temperature therebyincreasing the generation of hydrogen gas H². When sensors indicate thatthere is sufficient hydrogen gas H² being generated, the hydrogenburning internal combustion engine can be supplied with the hydrogen gasH². At the same time valves are used to control or regulate there-circulation of hot exhaust gas to the intake manifold so as toincrease the temperature of the gas mixture supplied to the smallhydrogen burning internal combustion engine.

The optimum temperature of the electrolyte is maintained by cooling ofthe electrolyte in the radiator. In one embodiment, when the circulatingelectrolyte reaches 215 degrees F., the small hydrogen burning internalcombustion engine is supplied with the hydrogen gas H² from the system.

The sound waves that are generated from the energization of the coilsand current flow to the lead plates cause the electrolyte to vibrate,further encouraging the release hydrogen gas H² from the electrolyte.The electrolysis of the electrolyte and the release of hydrogen gas H²from the electrolyte in the electrolyte jackets surrounding the pistonsis further enhanced by the flow of current through the electrolyte fromthe coils to the pair of electrodes or lead plates positioned in theelectrolyte jacket surrounding each of the piston.

The second principal components of this invention are a plurality oflead acid flow batteries. Each of the lead acid flow batteries is formedof a number of internally electrically connected cells so as to providea desired nominal voltage between the battery terminals. Parallel andserial connections are provided between the plurality of batteryterminals to provide the desired nominal output voltage, such as 12, 24or 36 volts.

Each of the batteries is housed in a separated container, with theplurality of cells having a common cover. Hydrogen gas H² generated inand released from the battery cells is collected within the cover andprovided through a conduit to the internal combustion engine.

A control system is provided for maintaining the desired specificgravity (sp) and level of the electrolyte in each of the individualseparate battery cells of the plurality of batteries. Flow paths areprovided to supply each of the battery cells with electrolyte from theelectrolyte jackets of the electromagnetically energized reciprocatingpiston engine, with concentrated sulfuric acid from a storage tank, andwith electrolyte contained in a reservoir. Electrolyte removed from thebottom of each cell flows through conduits back to the reservoir.

The energization of the coils causes the electrolyte in the electrolytejackets surrounding the pistons to be exposed to current flow, thusconditioning the electrolyte for return to the reservoir then to themixing chamber and into the battery. When the flow battery is deliveringa current, the spongy lead is oxidized to lead ions and the platesbecome negatively charged:Pb---->Pb²+2e-(oxidation)

During the charging process the sulfate ion of the electrolyte isregenerated and lead sulfate is converted back to spongy lead at thelead electrode. Hydrogen ions and sulfate ions of the electrolyte areregenerated and lead sulfate is converted back to lead dioxide at thelead dioxide electrode.PbO₂+4H⁺+SO₄ ²⁻+2_(e−)(discharge >)(charge <)PbSO₄(S)+2H₂O

By controlling the supply of treated electrolyte from the reservoir, andconcentrated acid from the a storage tank to each of the battery cells,and the flow of electrolyte from each of the battery cells back to thereservoir, the electrolyte in each of the batteries may be kept at anoptimum or desired specific gravity. Thus, each cell of a battery may bequickly restored to optimum specific gravity. By cyclically restoringeach cell of a battery individually, the battery may be kept at nearoptimum charge.

A regulated closed loop flow path is provided between the reservoir andthe radiator to keep the temperature of the electrolyte flowing throughthe system at an optimum temperature.

The system and method of this invention creates, recharges, and storeselectrical energy in the batteries in sufficient quantity tocontinuously supply electrical energy to the electromagneticallyenergized reciprocating motor for propelling a vehicle, so long as thesupply of concentrated sulfuric acid is not depleted. It also generateshydrogen gas H² and Oxygen to supply the internal combustion engine.Thus, the system and method of this invention provides kinetic rotatingforce from both an internal combustion engine and an electrical motor toprovide rotational torque to a load, requiring only a supply ofconcentrated acid as the primary consumable fuel. Water is a secondaryconsumable, as it is depleted during the electrolysis of theelectrolyte. However, after extended operation of the system, othermaterials will be consumed and need to be replaced, such as the leadplates in the electrolyte jackets, the lead in the batteries, or need tobe removed, such as accumulated sulfur in the reservoir.

The system of this invention results in a high efficiency (by energyrecovery components), high torque, long stroke reciprocating motor whichcan provide rotational torque to a load. It also can be used to generatea sufficient amount of hydrogen gas H² to be supplied as fuel to aninternal combustion engine capable of generating enough power to operateor at least assist in propelling a motor vehicle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow and pictorial diagram of a preferredembodiment of the system of this invention including anelectromagnetically energized piston motor designed to enhance theperformance of lead acid flow batteries;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view representative of anelectromagnetically energized piston motor designed for use in thesystem of this invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view representing one of the pistonassemblies of a electromagnetically energized piston motor designed foruse in the system of this invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a bridge clip assembly included inthe piston assembly shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is circuit diagram of a portion of the bridge clip assembly shownin FIG. 4; and

FIG. 6 is a perspective representative of a portion of an alternate flowarrangement for the electrolyte supplied to the individual flow cells.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow and pictorial diagram of a preferredembodiment of the system of this invention. The principal components ofthis preferred embodiment of the invention include a reciprocatingpiston motor 10, of which two cylinders 12 and 14 are shown, a pluralityof lead acid flow batteries 16, a direct current generator 18, ahydrogen burning internal combustion engine 20, a radiator 22, and acontrol system and panel 24.

The cylinders 12 and 14 of piston motor 10, each include a piston 26formed of a magnetic material such as pig iron. The pistons 26reciprocates within an inner non-magnetic tube or cylinder 28. Placedaround each of the cylinders 28 are a pair of coils 30 and 32, spacedapart from each other. The coils 30 and 32 are spaced such that when aportion of a piston 26 is located essentially within the full length ofone of the coils, a portion of the opposite end of the piston is locatedwithin a portion of the other coil. An outer non-magnetic tube orcylinder 34 surrounds the inner tube 28 and is spaced from the outercylindrical surface of the coils 30 and 32. The ends of the inner tube28 and outer tube 34 are closed by toroidal members 36 and 38 to form aclosed chamber 40 there between. Also located within the closed chamberare a pair of electrodes 42 and 44.

Drive shaft 46 of internal combustion engine 20 is connected to camshaft48 of the reciprocating piston motor 10. Pistons 26 are connected to thecamshaft or crankshaft 48 by connecting rods 50.

Direct current generator 18 is driven by the crankshaft 48 ofreciprocating piston motor 10 and the drive shaft 46 of internalcombustion engine 20. The control system 24 controls the supply ofdirect current from the dc generator 18 and the flow batteries 16 to theterminals 52 and 54 respectively of coils 30 and 32, and the electrodes42 and 44 through the distributor 60, under the control of both limitswitches actuated by lobes on the camshaft 48 and solenoid switches 56and 58 respectively. By increasing or decreasing the current supplied tothe electrodes, the rate of generation of hydrogen gas is increased ordecreased.

The flow batteries 16 comprise a number of individual cells 62, thepositive and negative terminals of which are connected in series andparallel circuits to provide the desired output voltage of the bank offlow batteries 16 between the positive output terminal 64 and thenegative output terminal 66.

There are numerous flow paths for the flow battery electrolyte, and anindividually controlled flow path through each cell 62. The mainreservoir 68 for battery electrolyte is formed in the v-block 94 of thepiston motor 10. A main flow path 70 from the reservoir 68 is connectedto individual flow paths 72 to each of the cells 62. A flow regulator 74is provided in each of the individual flow paths 72 to independentlycontrol the supply of electrolyte to each of the cells 62 from thereservoir 68 to maintain a desired ph and electrolyte level in each cell62. Flow regulators 76 are provided to individually control the flow ofelectrolyte from each of the cells 62 back through a control valve 78 tothe reservoir 68.

A flow path is also provided between each of the closed chambers 40 ofthe cylinders 12 and 14 and the reservoir 68. Electrolyte flows throughpath 80 to the closed chambers 40 and returns to the reservoir 68through path 82.

A flow path 84 is provide to circulate electrolyte from the reservoir 68to the radiator 22, so as to maintain the electrolyte in the reservoirat a desire temperature.

A reservoir 86 is provided for supplying water to the main reservoirwhen needed to make up for lost water and to adjust the desired mainreservoir concentration of acid. A reservoir 88 is provided forconcentrated acid. Individual flow paths 90 are provided to supply theconcentrated battery acid to each of the cells 68. Flow regulators 92are provided in the individual flow paths 90 to control the flow ofconcentrated acid to the individual cells 62.

Referring to FIG. 2, the piston motor 10 is further shown. Thecomponents of the piston motor 10 are identified with the same numeralsas used in FIG. 1. The crankshaft 48 is supported in and the mainreservoir 68 is located in the v-block 94 of the piston motor 10. A burpchamber 96 may be located at the outer end of the closed chamber 40, toreceive hydrogen gas developed in the closed chamber 40. The hydrogengas is delivered as shown at 98 to the internal combustion engine 20 asfuel. A main manifold is located at the outer end of each closed chamber40 for collecting and returning the electrolyte to the main reservoir68.

Referring to FIG. 3 details of some of the components of the cylinders12 and 14 are shown. Located within the closed chamber 40 adjacent theouter cylinder 34 are the pair of lead plates 42 and 44. Also shown isthe coil 30. Located in the closed chamber 40 between the coils 30 and32 and the outer cylinder 34 are four bridge clips 100. Each of thebridge clips 100 is formed with a elongated u-shaped magnetic core 102,around each of which is wrapped a coil 104. The changing magnetic fieldsproduced by the cyclic energization of the coils 30 and 32 inducealternating current flow in the coils 104. This alternating current isprovided to a rectifier 106, shown in FIG. 5, which in turn is a supplyof direct current.

Referring to FIG. 4, a bridge clip 100 is shown in further detail. Thebridge clips 100 include a plurality of spaced apart stainless steelplates 110. The stainless steel plates 110 are secured to each other bynon-magnetic and non-conducting fasteners 112, such as nylon fastenerswhich pass through non-magnetic and non-conducting spacers 114.Alternate stainless steel plates 110 are connected to the positive andnegative outputs of the rectifier 106, which is supplied withalternating current from the coil 104. The changing electrical fieldbetween the stainless steel plates 110 of the bridge clips increaseshydrogen production in the closed chamber 40, as a result of beingexposed to the increasing and decreasing magnetic fields of the coils 30and 32.

Referring to FIG. 6, an alternate flow arrangement for the electrolytesupplied to the individual flow cells is shown. In this arrangement, amixing chamber 116 is provided for each flow cell. The mixing chambers116 are provided with concentrated acid from acid reservoir 88, and withelectrolyte from the main reservoir 68. The mixed concentrated acid andelectrolyte is then provided to the individual flow cell. Similarly, acollection tank 118 is provided to collect the electrolyte flowing fromeach of the cells, with the electrolyte being returned from thecollection tank 118 to the main reservoir 68. Again, the flow ofconcentrated acid from the acid reservoir 88 and electrolyte from themain reservoir 68 is controlled by valves which are in turn regulated bymeasurements of the operating conditions of individual cells condition.

In summary, the pistons of the motor are connected to the crankshaft,with the coils being energized in a sequence which causes continuousrotation of the crankshaft. The energizing of the coils causes theelectrolyte in the jackets surrounding the pistons to be exposed tochanging electromagnetic fields created by the movement of the steelpiston, which encourages the release of electrolysis of the electrolyteand release of hydrogen gas H² from the electrolyte. The sound wavesthat are generated from the energization of the coils and the tuned leadplates causes the electrolyte to vibrate, again enhancing the releasehydrogen gas H² from the electrolyte. A magnetic pick-up is then inducedby the coils causing the collapse of the primary magnetic field. Theinductance is then used to promote further electrolysis along the fourinner magnetic pick-up clip arrangements consisting of a rectifier,stainless steel plates and the magnetic pick-up consisting of laminatedplates of an E-clip configuration. The release of the hydrogen gas H²from the treated electrolyte in the electrolyte jackets surrounding thepistons is further controlled by grounding the electrodes connected tothe lead plates to prevent a free wheeling reverse energy releasecreated when the pistons are driven by the power train in a coast mode.

The released hydrogen gas H² and oxygen from the electrolyte jackets andthe electrolysis cells are vented to the main manifold that feeds theinternal combustion engine. Excess gasses, if contained in the treatedelectrolyte as it circulates back to the reservoir, are vented at thereservoir through a relief valve and into the main manifold. Thecollected hydrogen gas H² in the main manifold is supplied as fuel tothe internal combustion engine.

In a preferred embodiment of this invention, all cylinders are providedwith a two way pressure relief valve to maintain desired pressures inthe system.

When sensors indicate that there is sufficient hydrogen gas H² beinggenerated, the internal combustion engine can be supplied with thecollected gasses and electrolyte vapors from the main manifold. At thesame time, valves are controlled to regulate the air fuel mixturesupplied to the internal combustion engine. A limited quantity ofexhaust gasses are then re-circulated to the air intake system of theinternal combustion engine to maintain an higher operating temperatureresulting in an increase in the temperature of the gasses entering thecombustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

The system of this invention provides several ways of controlling theamount of hydrogen gas H² released from the top surface of theelectrolyte jackets and the electrolysis cells. These include regulatingthe current flow through the electrolyte between the lead plates in theelectrolyte jackets of the cylinders, regulating the rate of rotation ofthe crankshaft of the electromagnetically energized reciprocating pistonengine, regulating the temperature of the treated electrolyte in thesystem and by regulating the operation of the electrolysis cells.

The system of this invention uses all collected hydrogen gas H², oxygenand electrolyte vapor to provide fuel for the combustion process in theinternal combustion engine resulting in increased energy output from thefuel ignition reaction. The reaction in the power stroke of the fourstroke internal combustion engine, or other internal combustion engine,provides for the ignition by a spark plug or other similar device, ofthe hydrogen as aided by the provided oxygen. The hydrogen reacts to theprovided spark and ignites to a temperature of 4000 degrees F. causing adownward pressure on the internal combustion piston. The reactioncreates steam from the included electrolyte vapor, increasing the volumeof the said vapor by a ratio of 1:1650 further causing downward motionof the said piston. The high temperature, over 1500 degrees F. causesthe steam to split into the component hydrogen gas H² and oxygen, whichis thereafter ignited as a secondary source of downward pressure on thepiston. The affect of this resulting combustion in the internalcombustion engine maximizes available hydrogen gas H², oxygen andelectrolyte vapor, thereby requiring less fuel to be supplied.

While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, itshould be apparent to those skilled in the art that what has been shownand described are considered at present to be the preferred embodimentsof the system of this invention including an electromageticallyenergized piston engine and flow type lead acid batteries designed toconvert chemical and electrical energy to mechanical energy. Inaccordance with the Patent Statute, changes may be made in the system ofthis invention without actually departing from the true spirit and scopeof this invention. The appended claims are intended to cover all suchchanges and modifications which fall in the true spirit and scope ofthis invention.

1. An energy conversion and free hydrogen producing system comprising:an electromagnetically energized reciprocating piston motor, saidelectromagnetically energized reciprocating motor including, a pluralityof magnetic pistons connected by piston rods to a crankshaft, each ofsaid magnetic pistons reciprocating within an electrolyte jacket formedby concentric non-magnetic sleeves surround each of said magneticpistons, a pair of spaced apart electrical coils located in each of saidelectrolyte jackets, a source of electrical energy for energizing saidelectrical coils to cause reciprocation of said magnetic pistons, a leadacid flow through battery comprising a number of individual lead acidcells, an electrolyte storage tank, a concentrated acid storage tank, aclosed loop flow path including said electrolyte jackets, saidelectrolyte storage tank and said lead acid cells, an internalcombustion engine, having an output shaft, whereby energization of saidpair of spaced apart electrical coils causes rotation of saidcrankshaft, electrolysis of said electrolyte in said electrolytejackets, and the generation of hydrogen gas which is supplied as fuel tosaid internal combustion engine, said electrolyte from said electrolytejackets being supplied to said lead acid cells of said lead acid flowthrough battery, the rotation of said crankshaft and of said internalcombustion engine providing rotational torque output.
 2. The energyconversion and free hydrogen producing system of claim 1, wherein a pairof spaced apart electrodes are provided in said electrolyte jackets,whereby the flow of electrical current between said electrodes causesthe electrolysis of said electrolyte and the release of hydrogen gasfrom the electrolyte.
 3. The energy conversion and free hydrogenproducing system of claim 2, wherein the current flowing through saidelectrical coils also flows through said electrodes.
 4. The energyconversion and free hydrogen producing system of claim 2, wherein theelectrodes located in said electrolyte jackets are formed of lead. 5.The energy conversion and free hydrogen producing system of claim 1,wherein a storage tank is provided for concentrated sulfuric acid, saidconcentrated sulfuric acid being supplied to each of said lead acidcells so as to maintain a desired ph level in each of said lead acidcells.
 6. The energy conversion and free hydrogen producing system ofclaim 1, including a radiator in a flow path for the electrolyte tomaintain a desired temperature of the electrolyte in the electrolytestorage chamber.
 7. The energy conversion and free hydrogen producingsystem of claim 1, including an alternator driven by said reciprocationpiston motor, and a rectifier system connected to the output of saidalternator, whereby direct current is supplied to said system.
 8. Theenergy conversion and free hydrogen producing system of claim 1including a control system for controlling the energization of saidpairs of spaced apart electrical coils, and the circulation of saidelectrolyte.
 9. The energy conversion and free hydrogen producing systemof claim 1, including: a plurality of bridge clips are located in saidelectrolyte jacket, outwardly of said electrical coils, said bridgeclips each comprising: an elongated u-shaped magnetic core, a coilwrapped around the core, a plurality of space apart steel plates, withalternate plates being electrically connected to each other, a rectifierreceiving alternating electrical current and supplying direct currentbetween said alternate space apart steel plates, so as to createelectromagnetic fields there between to cause further electrolysis ofthe electrolyte in the electrolyte jacket.
 10. The energy conversion andfree hydrogen producing system of claim 1, wherein saidelectromagnetically energized reciprocating motor includes a v-blockwhich supports said electrolyte jackets, pistons and crankshaft andhouses said electrolyte storage tank.
 11. The energy conversion and freehydrogen producing system of claim 1, including for each of saidindividual lead acid cells: a first flow control for controlling theflow of electrolyte from said electrolyte storage tank to saidindividual lead acid cell, a second flow control device for controllingthe flow of concentrated acid from said concentrated acid storage tankto said individual lead acid cell, a third flow control device forcontrolling the flow of electrolyte from said individual lead acid cellto said electrolyte storage tank, whereby the desired specific gravitymay be maintained in each individual lead acid cell.
 12. The energyconversion and free hydrogen producing system of claim 11, wherein amixing chamber is provided for each individual lead acid cell, withelectrolyte from said electrolyte storage tank and concentrated acidfrom said concentrated acid storage tank being provided to said mixingchamber and then supplied to each individual lead acid cell.
 13. Theenergy conversion and free hydrogen producing system of claim 11,wherein the flow of electrolyte from all said individual lead acid cellsis collected in a collection tank, and then supplied to the electrolytestorage tank.
 14. The energy conversion and free hydrogen producingsystem of claim 1, including a water storage tank, from which water maybe provided to the electrolyte to maintain the desired volume ofelectrolyte in the system.
 15. An energy conversion and free hydrogenproducing system including a electrolyte flow paths comprising: anelectromagnetically energized reciprocating piston motor, saidelectromagnetically energized reciprocating motor including, a pluralityof magnetic pistons connected by piston rods to a crankshaft, each ofsaid magnetic pistons reciprocating within a enclosed jacket formed byspaced apart concentric non-magnetic sleeves surround each of saidmagnetic pistons, said enclosed jackets forming a portion of saidelectrolyte flow path, a pair of spaced apart electrical coils locatedin each of said enclosed jackets, which when energized cause saidmagnetic pistons to reciprocate, an electrolyte storage tank, aconcentrated acid storage tank, a water storage tank, a plurality oflead acid flow through batteries, each comprising a plurality ofindividual cells, a radiator, a source of electrical energy forenergizing said electrical coils to cause reciprocation of said magneticpistons, a first electrolyte flow path including said enclosed jackets,said electrolyte storage tank, and said lead acid batteries, saidelectrolyte flowing through said jackets being electrolyzed by thechanging electromagnetic fields of said coils, a flow control device forcontrolling the flow of concentrated acid from said concentrated acidstorage tank to said plurality of lead acid flow through batteries tomaintain the concentration of acid in the plurality of lead acid flowthrough batteries at the optimum level for delivery of electricalcurrent from said battery, a flow control device for controlling theflow of water from said water storage tank to maintain the desiredamount of electrolyte in electrolyte flow path, a second electrolyteflow path for circulating the electrolyte between said electrolytestorage tank and said radiator, to maintain the temperature of theelectrolyte in the electrolyte storage tank at a desired temperature.